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Karelia
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General Geology
Click to get to the geological map of Karelia
of the Agency of natural resources on Karelia
More on this subject later!!!
geology
Aganozero is located on the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga. The deposit is part of
the
Burakovian-Aganozero layered basic massif. The Karelia authorities state this
locality as a Ni-Mg ore deposit, where all the nickel is bounded in silicates.
There are probably also Chromite ores.
mineralogy
Chromite, Lizardite
Alalampinskaya deposit
Located in the Sortavaala region.
mineralogy
Gold
Chornaya Salma
(Chernaya Salma)
geology
Chornaya Salma is small granite pegmatite. The locality gained fame for it's
large uraninite crystals.
mineralogy
Brannerite Monazite-(Ce) Titanite Uraninite Zircon
Chupa is a granite pegmatite.
mineralogy
Microcline Muscovite Oligoclase Orthoclase Pyrrhotite Quartz Schorl Uraninite
Dlinnaya Lambina is a pegmatite, but so far I could not find any furter information about this interesting locality. Any info is welcome.
mineralogy
Calciotantite Fergusonite-(Ce) Fergusonite-(Y) Olenite Schorl Uranmicrolite
Zircon
Fergussonite-(Y)
Loukhi district
Gimol'
(a.k.a. Gimoly)
geology
Gimol' is a little known banded iron ore formation. It is part of the Archean
Gimol'sko-Kostomuksha greenstone belt.The mineralogy is probably mainly
magnetite, analogue to other BIF's.
Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Janisjarvi district. See there for more detailed geology
geology
Hautavaara is a sulfide deposit located in precambrian volcanosedimentary
Komatiite rocks.
mineralogy
So far I found no reference of Hautavaara's mineralogy, but Peter Kolesar's
Zarenschätze mentions the list below as minerals occuring this type of deposit
in Karelia (also Vedlozerskoye and Parandovskoye). In any case does the
mineralogy consist of mainly pyrite and pyrrhotine with all the others as minor
inclusions:
Borovskite Boulangerite Breithauptite Canfieldite Freibergite Galena Gudmundite Jamesonite Mackinawite Melonite Nisbite Pentlandite Pyrargyrite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Sphalerite Tennantite Tsumoite Ullmannite
S.A. Svetov and A.I. Svetova, unk date, Greenstone associations in Russian
Karelia
P.Kolesar, J.Tvrdy, 2006, Zarenschätze, Bode Verlag
mineralogy
Almandine
Hopunvaara is a Sn bearing skarn in the Pitkjaranta district. It's geology and mineralogy is likely similar to that described under 'Kitelskoye'.
Suoyarvi district
Talc deposit where talc is the main ore.
Ihalskoye deposit
A graphite deposit in the Lahdenpohja district.
Located near Pitkjaranta at the shore of Lake Ladoga
mineralogy
Loranskite-(Y) Yttropyrochlore-(Y)
(placemark at settlement)
geology
The Janisjarvi deposit is situated just northeast of Lake Janisjarvi, which is
northeast of Lake Ladoga. The Janisjarvi deposit is situated in the
Archean Ilomantsi greenstone belt. This greenstone forms islands in
Archean granite gneiss. Just southwest of Janisjarvi this granite gneiss borders
the schist of the Svecofennide Skelleftea-Ladoga mobile belt, in which for
instance the deposits of Pitkjaranta and Kiteloye are situated.
The Janisjarvi district consists of several deposits: Jalonvaara and Hyvanoivisto copper / iron deposits and Molybdenovaya Jalonvaara and Riuttalampi copper molybdenum deposits. They are located close to each other and will probably be mined by a single company.
Apart from a Kyanite locality, Kem was longtime the center of fresh water pearl industry. Not that pearls are minerals, but I thought I'd give you some extra information :-)
mineralogy
Kyanite
geology
Khit ostrov is a gneiss
mineralogy
Almandine, Corund, Cyanite
geology
Kitelskoye is located about 15km north of Pitkjaranta. More exactly it is
located 1.5km north of Koirin-Oja railway station. The deposit is not yet in
production.Kitelskoye is part of the Salmi-Uksa-Kitela ore zone. Kitelskoye is a
skarn deposit part of the Pitkjatanta suite. The intruding rock associated with
the skarn is rapakivi granite of the Koirinoja-Pitkjaranta granite-gneiss dome,
of the Salma massif. The intrusion came in different stages. The host rock is
schist of the Svecofennide Skelleftea-Ladoga mobile belt in which
limestone and carbonates are present. The deposits is one of at least 15 similar
deposits in the region, of which Pitkjaranta is one.
mineralogy
Actinolite Albite Andradite Arsenopyrite Biotite Calcite Cassiterite
Chalcopyrite Diopside Eakerite Epidote Fluorite Galena Gold Hedenbergite Humite Magnetite
Malayite Microcline Phlogopite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Quartz Scheelite Sphalerite Stannite
Topaz Vesuvianite Zircon
Ore deposits of the USSR, V.I. Smirnov, 1977, Vol III, p243 - 346
Gmelin-Krauts Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Sn
geology
Korpanga is a little know diamond deposit near Kostomuksha. Korpanga is also
known as an iron deposit. It is located in the Upper Archean, lopian, greenstone
belt. The geology is probably similar to what is described at Taloveis.
mineralogy
diamonds
geology
Kosmozero is a shungite schist with U-V mineralogy, similar to the nearby
Srednaya Padma.
mineralogy
Bariandite Carnotite Chalcocite Copper Cuprite Doloresite Francevillite Gold
Haggite Hematite Montroseite Natalyite Nolandite Silver Tyuyamunite
geology
Kostomuksha is a large iron mine north of the town of Kostomuksha. The mine is
operated by Severstal
Krasnopolyanskoye is an asbestos deposit, located 1.5 km from Povenetz on the northeastern tip of Lake Onega.
mineralogy
Dolomite, Riebeckite
geology
Lobash is situated about 80km west of Belomorsk. Lobash consists of a
granite intrusion into metavolcanic ultramafic rocks.
mineralogy
Bismuth Bornite Chalcopyrite Galena Gold Molybdenite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Scheelite
Sphalerite
geology
Lukkulaisvaara is a differentiated gabbro-norite intrusion. The country rock is
Archean (2.5Ga) granite-gneiss of the Karelian terrane. About 2.4 Ga ago the
Lukkulaisvaara intrusion was formed as part of a larger group of intrusions, the
Oulanka Group. The locality is a typical differentiated basic intrusion
consisting of layers of different gabbro and norite related rocks. Most
interesting about this locality is the occurence of PGE minerals as
microscopical alterations of sulphidic ores. One known sublocality is the Nadezhda
deposit in a micro gabbro-norite layer.
mineralogy
Actinolite Almandine Anthophyllite Argentopentlandite Arsenopalladinite
Augite Biotite Bornite Braggite Chalcocite Chalcopyrite
Chloro-potassichastingsite Cobaltite Corund Cubanite Enstatite Epidote Froodite
Gahnite Galena Gersdorffite Godlevskite Gold Greenockite Heazlewoodite Hercynite
Hessite Hollingworthite Hongshiite Ilmenite Irarsite Isomerthieite Kotulskite
Magnetite Majakite Marcasite Melonite Menshikovite Merenskyite Mertieite-I
Mertieite-II Michenerite Millerite Moncheite Oulankaite Palladoarsenide
Paolovite Pentlandite Phlogopite Platinum Polydymite Pyrite Pyrrhotite
Sobolevite Sopcheite Sperrylite Sphalerite Staurolite Stillwaterite Taimyrite
Talc Tarkianite Telargpalite Telluropalladinite Titanite Tremolite Tulameenite
Violarite Vysotskite Zoisite Zvyagintsevite
The structure of the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, Oulanka group, Northern
Karelia:Petrological Implications, by V.A. Glebovitsky et al Canadian
Mineralogis
Vol 39 pp607-637 (2001)
Pd-Ag tellurides from a Cl rich environment in the Lukkulaisvaara layered
intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, by A.Y. Barkov et al, Canadian
Mineralogist
Vol 39 pp639-653 (2001)
geology
Located in Northern karelia, World of stones quotes this locality as Apatite
locality, where 10cm crystals occur in granite pegmatites
North and East Europe, a brief review of mineral localities, A.A. Evseev, WoS 3/93 pp43-51
geology
Pertinjarvi is the northern section of the Janisjarvi prospect. See there for
more detailed geological information.
Soanvaara iron pyrite deposit in archean volcanosedimentary rocks. There are several gold-sulfide deposits on the left bank of the Soanjoki river
geology
Pitkyaranta is a skarn deposit. Geologically Pitkjaranta is a very
complex deposit. The basis of the deposit forms a dolomitic limestone. During
the Archean two intrusions took place forming the marbles of the
Kalevian-Ladogian suite and accompagnying skarn ores. Later a nearby Rapakivi
granite intrusion formed a third skarn at Pitkjaranta. At least the final
intrusion was followed by a hydrothermal and pneumatolithical phase.
Part of the Pitkjaranta deposit is the Lupikko shaft. This
mine closed down in 1940, but yields some interesting mineralogy. Between
1842 and 1905 the mine yielded 489 tonnes of tin.
mineralogy
Acanthite Allanite-(Ce) Andradite Antigorite Arsenopyrite Barite Barylite
Bavenite Behoite Berborite Bertrandite Beryl Bismuth Bismuthinite Bityite Bromellite
Calcite Cassiterite Chalcopyrite Chamosite Chrysoberyl Clinobehoite Cubanite
Danalite Diopside Edenite Epidote Euxenite-(Y) Fluoborite Fluorite Fluoroapatite
Fluorvesuvianite Galena Genthelvine Goethite Hambergite Helvite Hematite
Herderite Humite Lizardite Lollingite Magnesiohastingite Magnetite Marialite
Mejonite Molybdenite Norbergite Phenakite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Scheelite
Siderophyllite Sillimanite Silver Smithsonite Sphalerite Stokesite Taaffeite
Topaz Vesuvianite
Mineralogy specifically mentioned for the Lupikko shaft:
Berborite Calcite Clinochlore Diopside Fluorite Fluorvesuvianite Goethite
Hambergite Helvite Magnesite Magnetite Pyrite Smithsonite Sphalerite Vesuvianite
Wickmannite
 Chondrodite |
 Edenite |
 Norbergite |
Erzlagerstätten, H.Schneiderhöhn, 1962, p324
Geology and metallogeny around mantled domes in Karelia, K. Sundblad et al,
Geologian 2.tutkijapäivät 12-13.3.2003
Gmelin-Krauts Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Sn
Geology of ore deposits, V.I. Smirnov, 1977, p175
geology
Plotina is a pegmatite a little south of Chupa.
mineralogy
Muscovite
Pudozhgorskoye is located on the eastern shore of Lake Onega. It is still a prospect and there is no mining activity. The deposit consists of a Lower Proterozoic sheet like Gabbro-Diabase intrusion and Archean Migmatite-Granites. The intrusion is differentiated into different Gabbro-Diabase varieties. The main ore is titanomagnetite and lays under a layer of no more than 5 meter of sediment. When mining commences it will be an open pit mine.
mineralogy
Bornite Chalcopyrite Covellite Ilmenite Magnetite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Quartz
Sphalerite
A little known gold deposit in the Ilomantsi belt (Archean greenstone)
Salanlatva
(Salanlatvinsky)
geology
Salanlatva is located in northern Karelia, southwest of Vuorijarvi. It is a
small carbonatite intrusion about 3km in diameter that intruded in precambrean
metadiabase. The intrusion has a central core of carbonatites, consisting of
Sövite, calcite-dolomite carbonatite and barite dolomite carbonatites. Around
this central carbonatite is a zone of magnetite-vermiculite carbonate rock.
Around this is zone of ijolite and ijolite-urtite. The northern side of the
intrusion has a partial zone of melteigite on the outside.
mineralogy
Anatase Anglesite Barite Dolomite Fluoroapatite Galena Ilmenite Lueshite
Molybdenite Natroniobite Perowskite Phlogopite Pyrite Pyrochlore Rhodochrosite
Siderite Sphalerite Strontianite Svanbergite Tetrahedrite
O.F. Tuttle and J. Gittins, 1966, Carbonatites, p504
Mineralogy of Carbonatites, Yu.L. Kapustin 1980
Shalozero
(Shaloserskaya)
(placemark of the lake)
geology
Shalozero is located in the Pudozh district in southeast Karelia. On the map
Shalozero is a lake, north of a settlement called Ragnuksa. So far Shalozero
is a prospect and there is no mining activity. Shalozero is associated with the
Burakovian-Aganozero layered basic massif, which lays in the northeastern part
of the Burakovian-Aganozero block. Shalovskoye is a layered (differentiated)
ultrabasic intrusion, consisting of five distinct layers. From top to bottom the
Ferrogabbronorite zone, the Pigeonitic Gabbro-Norite zone, the Gabbro-Norite
zone, the pyroxenite zone and the mafic zone. Around the edges of the intrusion
are Archean granites and Lopian schists. Chromite ore occurs
disseminated in olivine rock. Platinum and gold mineralogy is
present.
mineralogy
Chromite Galena Gold Platinum Pyrite Pyrrhotite Violarite
geology
Shoksha is not so much a mineral locality, but it does have gained fame as
quartzite quarry. The red proterozoic quartzite from Shoksha is widely used in
Russian architecture for the past 200 years. You can find it for instance in
Mikhailovky Castle and the Nicholas I monument in St.Petersburg.
Shuezersk deposit
geology
Shuezersk is described in the same way as the better known Voickij mine. Both
localities also have similar mineralogy, so I suspect that these two localities
are localted close to eachother. It is a typical vein deposit cutting phyllite,
graphite-schist and quartzites, which are intruded by post Middle Proterozoic
rocks.
mineralogy
Azurite Bornite Chalcopyrite Copper Galena Gold Malachite Molybdenite Pyrite
Scheelite
The geochemistry of gold and it's deposits, geological survey of Canada, bulletin 280, 1979, p 97
Slyudyanoi Bor quarry
geology
Located 12 km southwest of Belomorsk. The Slyudyanoi quarry works granite
pegmatites in highly metamorphosed Archean rocks of the Tikshozero series. The
main ore is microcline for pottery with minor iridiscent microcline called
Belomorite as gemstone.
mineralogy
Beryl Biotite Elbaite Fluoroapatite Microcline Orthoclase Quartz
geology
Srednaya Padma is a U-V deposit, located on the Zaonezhskiy peninsula in Lake
Onega. It is the type locality for Sudovikovite and Padmaite.There is a nearby
and related locality called Verkhnaya Padma.Srednaya Padma is a
metasomatite (albitite) in shungite bearing schist.
mineralogy
Bismuth Bohdanowiczite Calcite Chromphyllite Chromseladonite Clausthalite
Clausthalite Coulsonite Dolomite Froodite Gold Guanajuatite Haggite Hematite
Insizwaite Magnesioriebeckite Montroseite Natalyite Nolandite Padmaite
Paraguanajuatite Polarite Quartz Roscoelite Sobolevskite Sudovikoite Tyuyamunite
Uraninite Zincochromite
 Chromphyllite |
 Chromseladonite |
 Magnesioriebeckite |
 Tyuyamunite |
Svetloye Talc deposit
geology
The Svetloye Talc deposit is also known as Svetloozero deposit and is located
55km from Valdai. This deposit is part of the Archean Sumozero-Kenozero
greenstone belt. More precisely the Lake Kammenoye structure. Lake Svetloye is a
nickel bearing ultrabasic massif that is mined for Talc
mineralogy
Talc
geology
Taloveis is a gold deposit situated 3km from Kostomuksha town. The
Taloveis deposit is located in the southern part of the Kostomuksha greenstone
structure. This structure consists of Lopian volcanosedimentary rocks. More
precisely basalts and komatiites of the Kontokki series and terrigenous
sedimentary rocks of the Gimoly series. Both are surrounded by Archean granite
and cut by gabbro, gabbro-diabase and lamproite dykes and granite and diorite
stocks. The gold occurs dissiminated in the granite as well as in quartz veins.
The Lamproite is diamaniferous.
The Berendei ore occurence is part of the Taloveis deposit and probably has limited Bi, As and W mineralogy.
mineralogy
Diamond Gold Pyrite Quartz
Uksa is a Sn bearing skarn in the Pitkjaranta district. It's geology and mineralogy is likely similar to that described under 'Kitelskoye'. Uksa is located southeast of Pitkjaranta.
A little known gold deposit in the Ilomantsi belt (Archean greenstone)
geology
A sulfide deposit in Komatiite rocks of the Vedlozero-Segozero greenstone belt.
For the mineralogy see the remarks at Hautavaara, above.
geology
Velikaya Guba is a uranium deposit on the northern shore of Lake Onega. It is
the type locality for Chromdravite and Zincochromite.
mineralogy
Chromdravite Dolomite Quartz Taeniolite Zincochromite
Voickij mine
This is an old mine along the Vyg river in southern Karelia. The mine was worked for gold in the 2nd half of the 18th century. It is a typical vein deposit cutting phyllite, graphite-schist and quartzites, which are intruded by post Middle Proterozoic rocks.
mineralogy
Azurite Bornite Chalcopyrite Copper Galena Gold Malachite Molybdenite Pyrite
Scheelite
Gmelin-Krauts Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Au
The geochemistry of gold and it's deposits, geological survey of Canada,
bulletin 280, 1979, p 97
Translated as Wolf Island, it is located in Lake Onega. It is type locality of 'Ogenite', which is a variety of Goethite
mineralogy
Goethite ("Ogenite") and Quartz ("Amethyst")
Vozhmin
(Vozhma, Vozhminskiy)
geology
Located in northeast Karelia Vozhmin is an ultrabasic intrusion containing
sulfides.The deposit consists od serpentinized wehrlites and olivinites with
sulfidic nickel ores. It is the type locality for Vozhminite.
mineralogy
Breithauptite Chalcopyrite Copper Cubanite Geversite Godlevskite Heazlewoodite
Magnetite Millerite Nickel Orcelite Pentlandite Pyrrhotite Tucekite Violarite
Vozhminite
References:
The Agency for natural resources on Republic of Karelia has a great website about not yet developed mining localities in Karelia. There are detailed descriptions of the geology of most of these deposits, as well as some geological maps. http://www.gov.karelia.ru/~geolog/kargeo_e.htm
